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1.
Actual. SIDA ; 20(77): 67-75, aug 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665127

ABSTRACT

El virus de la hepatitis C (HCV) ha sido caracterizado en profundidad a nivel molecular en la última década. La partícula viral envuelta alberga una nucleocápside, estructura constituida principalmente por una proteína básica que está en estrecha interacción con el genoma viral representado por una molécula de ARN de cadena simple con polaridad positiva. La organización genómica del HCV es similar a la de Pestivirus y Flavivirus. Diferentes receptores celulares se han postulado en su participación para el ingreso del virus a la célula blanco. Su estrategia de multiplicación deja avizorar los blancos de acción de nuevas drogas para controlar la replicación. Si bien comparte con el HIV - desde su naturaleza de ARN virus - entre otras características virológicas la magnífica plasticidad genómica, otras por el contrario revisten claras diferencias. Ambos virus constituyen un enorme desafío en Salud


The hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been deeply characterized at molecular level during the last decade. The enveloped viral particle protects the nucleocapsid that is essentially constituted by a basic protein that interacts with the viral genome, a single strand RNA with positive polarity. The genomic organization of the HCV is similar to the Pestivirus and Flavivirus. Different cellular receptors have been postulated to play a role to the virus entry in the cellular target. The replication strategy exhibit the different plausible target of antiviral action with new drugs in order to control the replication. The HCV shares with the HIV the vast genomic plasticity because both are RNA viruses but other characteristics are different between them. Both viruses are an enormous trial for human health


Subject(s)
Humans , DNA Replication Timing , Genome, Viral/immunology , HIV , Hepacivirus/genetics , RNA , Virus Replication/immunology , Base Sequence/genetics
2.
Actual. SIDA ; 17(63): 28-38, mar. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-521992

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar prospectivamente los niveles de resistencia a las drogas antirretrovirales y el progreso de la carga viral plasmática (CV) en niños infectados verticalmente por HIV-1 antes y durante el tratamiento antirretroviral (TARV).


The aim of this study was to prospectively analyze antiretroviral drug resistance and plasma viral load in HIV-1 vertically-infected children beforme and during antiretroviral therapy (ART).


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Medical History Taking/statistics & numerical data , Viral Load/statistics & numerical data , HIV , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Mutation , Drug Resistance , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects
3.
Acta gastroenterol. latinoam ; 37(2): 76-83, Jun. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-472408

ABSTRACT

Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in individuals infected with HIV is associated with a higher incidence of liver injury, hepatic decompensation, anddecreased survival than that observed in an HIVmonoinfected population. While prevalence studies on HIV/HCV coinfection have been performed in theU.S. and in some European countries, little is known about HCV genotype distribution in Latin America.The main objective was to evaluate the HCV prevalence and genotypes among HIV co-infected patients, and their relationship with HCV viral load, serumALT level and T lymphocyte CD4+ cell count. These data pursue to increase the knowledge from South America about a pressing problem from HIV-infectedpatients. Retrospectively collected specimens from 593 HIV-positive individuals in Argentina were tested foranti-HCV. These were analyzed for HCV-RNA qualitatively and quantitatively. The HCV genotype was determined by the RFLP method. One hundred andtwenty-nine (21.7%) HIV-infected individuals were anti-HCV positive; 65.9% of them exhibited detectable HCV- RNA. Genotype 1 (43, 1a/c; 9, 1b;and 5, 1a/c+1b) was present in 57, while 1, 14 and 13 were infected with genotype 2, 3 or a mix, respectively.Co-infected individuals were more likely to be male, without significant differences in age and CD4+ cell counts than HIV-monoinfected individuals.HCV infection prevalence in patients co-infected with HIV highlights the impending public health impact of this problem. Considering the increasingrate of HCV genotypes with lower response rates to treatment among HIV co-infected patients, antiretroviraltherapy success might be jeopardized by HCV coinfection.


La coinfección con el virus de hepatitis C (HCV) en individuos infectados con HIV está asociada con una mayor incidencia de injuria y descompensación hepática,y un menor tiempo de supervivencia respecto de la población mono-infectada por HIV. Mientras que diferentesestudios de prevalencia de la coinfecciónHIV/HCV se han llevado a cabo en Estados Unidos y países de Europa, la información de la distribución degenotipos de HCV en Latinoamérica es escasa. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de HCVy la distribución de sus genotipos entre pacientes coinfectados con HIV, y su relación con la carga viral deHCV, los niveles séricos de ALT y el recuento de linfocitos T CD4+. Estos datos pretenden incrementar el conocimiento desde la región de Sudamérica acerca de este acuciante problema en pacientes infectados con HIV.Retrospectivamente se colectaron especímenes desde 593 pacientes infectados con HIV en Argentina enquienes se investigó la presencia de anticuerpos anti-HCV. Se pesquisó además la presencia de RNA viral deHCV tanto cualitativa como cuantitativamente. El genotipo de HCV se determinó por la técnica de RFLP.Ciento veintinueve (21.7%) individuos infectados con HIV fueron positivos para anti-HCV; 65.9% de ellos exhibieron RNA de HCV detectable. El genotipo 1(43, 1a/c; 9, 1b; y 5, 1a/c+1b) se presentó en 57 individuos, en tanto que 1, 14 y 13 estaban infectados porlos genotipos 2, 3 o mezcla de ellos, respectivamente. Predominó el sexo masculino entre los individuos concoinfección, en tanto que no se advirtieron diferencias significativas respecto de los pacientes infectados sólocon HIV en lo referido a edad y recuento de linfocitos T CD4+. La prevalencia de infección por HCV en pacientescoinfectados con HIV resalta el impacto de esta problemática en la salud pública. Considerando la creciente tasa de genotipos de HCV con menor respuestaal tratamiento entre los pacientes coinfectados con HIV, el efecto...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , HIV-1 , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , HIV-1 , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Argentina/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Genotype , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/transmission , Hepatitis C/virology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Viral Load
4.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 67(1): 82-91, jan.-fev. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-464751

ABSTRACT

Las coinfecciones con virus de la hepatitis C (HCV) y/o virus de la hepatitis B (HBV) en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) son un hallazgo frecuente en virtud de las similares vías de transmisión que estos agentes presentan (sexual, parenteral y vertical). Desde el advenimiento del tratamiento antirretroviral de alta eficiencia (TARV) se evidenció una marcada disminución en la morbi-mortalidad de los pacientes; sin embargo, ante la prolongación de su sobrevida, las complicaciones crónicas debidas a las coinfecciones con estos virus hepatotropos han cobrado importancia, convirtiéndose la enfermedad hepática en una de las primeras causas de morbi-mortalidad de los pacientes HIV positivos en los países desarrollados. Se disponen en la actualidad de nuevas terapias y métodos de diagnóstico y seguimiento para HBV y HCV, lo cual permite un mejor control de ambas coinfecciones.


Co-infections with HIV and HCV/HBV are frequently found due to the similar routes of transmission (sexual, parenteral and vertical). Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) there has been a notably decrease in patients morbidity and mortality, nevertheless with the prolonged survival, many of these patients are at risk of developing chronic complication, secondary to the infection of hepatotropic viruses. End stage liver disease is one of the main causes of morbid-mortality among HIV patients in developed countries. Nowadays there are new available therapies, diagnostic and follow up techniques for HBV and HCV, what provides a better control of both co-infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV-1 , Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Genotype , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/transmission , Hepacivirus/drug effects , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepacivirus/growth & development , Hepatitis B virus/drug effects , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Hepatitis B virus/growth & development , Hepatitis B, Chronic/epidemiology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology , Prevalence , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Tropism
5.
Acta gastroenterol. latinoam ; 36(4): 182-189, dic. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-459130

ABSTRACT

La infección por el virus de hepatitis A (HAV) es endémica en Argentina. El uso de técnicas moleculares permitió extender la detección del RNA del HAV en sueroy heces en pacientes con diferentes presentaciones clínicas. Comparamos la sensibilidad del protocolo de RT-PCR que usamos con cebadores dirigidos a distintas regiones del genoma, resultando la detección de la región VP3 C terminal la más sensible. Se obtuvieron prospectivamente muestras de suero y materia fecal de 20 niños con hepatitis aguda autolimitada por HAV. El RNA del HAV fue detectado en 18/20 niños en muestras basales y en 19/20 sumando una muestra posterior. El RNA del HAV fue detectable en 9/20 acientes hasta 30 días en suero; en materia fecal en 2/20 hasta 60 días y en 1/20 hasta 90 días. La secuencia genómica para la región VP1/2A en 8 muestras demostró que todas pertenecían al subgenotipo IA, aunque eran diferentes entre sí. Solo en 1/11 niños con falla hepatica fulminante fue posible la detección del RNA del HAV utilizando la región VP3 C terminal y el genotipo fue I. La reciente introducción de la vacunación universal en niños de 1 año de edad en Argentina podría disminuir drásticamente la circulación del virus, emergiendo nuevas fuentes de infección y permitiendo la introducción de nuevos genotipos. Las técnicas moleculares aplicadas al estudio de la historia natural de la infección y a la vigilancia epidemiológica contribuyenal control y la toma de decisiones eficientes en políticas de Salud Pública.


Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is endemic in Argentina. Molecular tools have allowed HAV RNA detection to be extent to sera and feces from patients with different clinical backgrounds. We compare the sensitivity of the RT-PCR protocol we follow using primers targeting different genomic regions and VP3 C terminal was the most sensitive. Sequential sera and fecal samples were obtained from 20 children with acute self limited Hepatitis A. HAV RNA was detectable in 18/20 children if sera and stool specimens were collected at the onset of symptoms and in 19/20 if a later sample was considered. HAV RNA was detectable in serum from 9/20 patients until day 30 and in feces from 2 patients until day 60 and until day 90 in one. Genomic sequences from VP1/2A region in 8 samples showed they all belong to subgenotype IA although they were different between them. HAV RNA was detectable only in 1/11 sera from children with acute liverfailure when VP3 C terminal fragment was searched and it belonged to genotype I. Universal vaccination in one year old children was recently implemented in Argentinaand it will dramatically enable the decrease of the viral circulation, making new sources of infection emerge and allowing the introduction of new genotypes. The application of molecular tools to the study of the natural history of infection and to the epidemiologicsurveillance may contribute to efficient control and lead to rational decisions in public health policies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Feces/virology , Hepatitis A/diagnosis , Hepatovirus/isolation & purification , Viremia/virology , Virus Shedding , Acute Disease , Hepatitis A/complications , Hepatitis A/virology , Hepatovirus/genetics , Liver Failure, Acute/blood , Liver Failure, Acute/virology , Molecular Sequence Data , Oligonucleotide Probes , Prospective Studies , RNA, Viral/analysis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors
7.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 58(2): 153-9, 1998. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-212787

ABSTRACT

HCV genomic characterization was performed by nucleotide sequence analysis (n=50) combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 5'UTR region in 82 isolates coresponding to different Argentine groups. Genotype 1 was detected in 70.7 percent of the samples (58 out of 82), genotype 2 in 21.9 percent (18 of 82) and genotypes 3 in the remaining 6 sera (7.3 percent). HCV ib subtype contributed with 35.3 percent to the whole population studied (29 of 82) and was detected in 6 out of 21 sporadic cases. Besides their epidemiological significance, these results should be taken into account when future vaccines are considered on the basis of geographical HCV genotypic prevalence.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Child, Preschool , Child , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C, Chronic/blood , Phylogeny , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Argentina , Base Sequence , Genotype , Hepatitis D, Chronic , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , Sequence Analysis, RNA
8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 57(6): 717-9, 1997. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-209843

ABSTRACT

GBV-C/Hepatitis G virus (HGV) has been identified as an infectious agent for humans although its potential involvement as a pathogenic virus is still controversial. Hitherto, 3 genotypes have been identified worldwide by c-DNA sequencing. This method allows genomic viral RNA clustering according to the geographical source of the strains, but its potential value in type- (or even strain-) specific pathogenesis has only started to be explored. Since this method requires highly specialized laboratories and is rather expensive, we propose a rapid method based on differential restriction fragment lenght polymorphism (RFLP) of 5'NCR amplicons. Using Hinf I, Dra I and Mae II endonucleases, it is possible to obtain different restriction patterns to discriminate among 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b and 3 subtypes/types. This methodology could be useful for large scale molecular epidemiology as well as for studies on viral pathogenesis.


Subject(s)
Flaviviridae/genetics , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Genotype
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